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Theresa Gillis & Janeanne Rockwell-Kincanon |
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Online Northwest 2000 |
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Online paper mills |
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Translation software |
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Detection of plagiarism |
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Prevention of plagiarism |
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Formerly limited to print sources |
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Intentional cheating, unintentional plagiarism |
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Web: increased opportunities for cheating: |
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Instant gratification |
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Cut and paste technology |
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E-mail delivery |
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Anonymity |
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Students misunderstand nature of Web resources |
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“Anything on the Web is public domain” |
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In the minds of many researchers there persists
a belief that anything available over the Internet is fair game and public
domain, free of both legal and ethical intellectual property consideration. |
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Janis H. Bruwelheide. Copyright Primer for
Librarians and Educators (ALA, 1995). |
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Buying from research service or term-paper mill. |
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Turning in another student’s work |
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With or without that student’s knowledge |
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Copying from source without acknowledgment. |
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Copying materials from a source, supplying
proper documentation, omitting quotation marks. |
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Paraphrasing materials from a source without
appropriate documentation. |
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Stephen Wilhoit. “Helping Students Avoid
Plagiarism.” College Teaching 42 (Fall 1994):161-164. |
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Stanford-based Center for Academic Integrity |
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1998 study of 25 universities: |
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80%
undergraduates admit to cheating, |
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Plagiarism most common offense |
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High proportion of fraternities |
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New versions of longstanding paper-mills |
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Most began in 1997 |
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"Unlike the rest of the real world, the
education system has no checks and balances. By forcing mediocre
professors, who have been giving the same assignments since the Truman
administration, to rethink their assignments -and maybe even add a bit of
creativity to them, School Sucks IS education's check and balance.” |
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Kenny Sahr, 1997
http://www.freeessay.com/top100/ |
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Cost: contribution or fee ($9 - $15 per page) |
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Level: high school to Ph.D. |
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Availability: handful of papers to thousands. |
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All subject areas. |
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Quality varies, generally poor |
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Specify currency, footnotes, length, |
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Original papers or recycled
"IvyEssays"
(www.ivyessays.com)
sells successful college admission essays to students. |
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School Sucks: 40,000 hits per day |
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Over 1.3 million hits since 1996 |
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2,500-plus papers are free |
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1999 Ken Sahr went international |
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Russia, France, Israel |
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15 languages |
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1963 sale of hardcopy papers banned in
Massachusetts |
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1997 Boston Univ. lawsuit: |
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named 8 paper-mills |
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Wire fraud, mail fraud, racketeering |
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Injunction to bar business in Massachusetts |
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Damages,
legal costs, seizure of all term papers, theses, etc |
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Texas penalizes “anyone who prepares, sells,
offers or advertises for sale, or delivers to another person an academic
product when the person knows, or should reasonably have known, that a
person intends to submit or use the academic product to satisfy an academic
requirement” |
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CD’s installed on computer |
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Desktop programs under $100: |
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Simply Translating, Transparent Language,
GlobalLink |
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CompuServe using Transcend on online forums |
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Comprende, Globalink: subscription interactive
translation sites |
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For the third time in 15 months, the Sytek Inc.,
which conceived PC among other things for IBM the network and to the Big
Blue is also involved, had to reduce their staff. The number of employees
shrank recently around 46 on now 450 employees. Lapidary comment of an
employer speaker: We could not achieve all our sales objectives. |
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AltaVista: Babel |
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Impossible to trace |
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E.g., Student searches for Endangered Species,
limits search to Portuguese, translates from Portuguese to English |
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Item never existed in English, so impossible to
trace |
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Grammar, syntax poor |
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Clever student can fine-tune it |
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More brazen cheating |
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Download Web material, edit with Page Composer,
assign former URL, resave |
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Submit as supporting evidence in a paper |
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Government agencies increasingly publishing in
PDF rather than ASCII format |
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Inconsistencies |
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format, pagination, dates |
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Style of
writing |
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Plagiarism of scholarly articles: suspicious
sophistication |
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Paper mills: less easy to spot |
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Medline: “Find related articles” caught Polish
scientist 98 |
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AltaVista, Infoseek, HotBot |
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search
unique phrases, linguistic match |
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web materials, electronic journals, conference
presentations, |
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More difficult : Usenet, mailing lists &
discussion groups, MOO’s &
MUD’s |
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Plagiarist can steal ideas, use different words |
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Electronic discussion must be archived to be
found |
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Plagiarism.org |
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Glatt Plagiarism Screening Program |
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IntegriGuard |
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CopyCatch |
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Essay Verification Engine (EVE) |
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WordCHECK |
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See Comparison Chart |
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Internet information is intellectual property |
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Ethical and legal conventions apply |
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Citation of electronic sources |
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Avoid
open-ended or generic topics |
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Require topics and sources related to class
discussions or current events. |
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Require use of class notes |
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Require transcript of interview or survey |
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Require personal experience, if possible |
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Require annotated bibliography. |
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Few cheat sites have annotated bibliographies. |
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Description of research process |
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Copies or print-outs of research |
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On schedule: |
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topic
statement |
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preliminary
bibliography |
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copies of research notes |
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an
outline |
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rough
draft |
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Theresa Gillis & Janeanne Rockwell-Kincanon |
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Online Northwest 2000 |
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Notes