1	Foreign Language Instruction Tips for Accommodating Hard-of-Hearing and Deaf Students
2	PEPNet Regional Centers
3	Agenda Background & Rationale Language Issues Tips for Professors Tips for Students Tips for Interpreters Tips for Service Coordinators Resources
4	Why not waive? Educational Social Professional Personal Improved attitude toward language learning Improved English skills Advanced manipulation of languages Heightened understanding of cultures
5	Terminology 1st Language 2nd Language Foreign Language Universal Language
6	Sound & Communication Hard of Hearing Speech reading Amplification No separate culture Deaf Sign language Deaf Culture Late-Deafened English sign systems Print Speech reading No separate culture
7	Components of Learning a Foreign Language Receptive Listening Reading Expressive Speaking Writing Cultural Awareness
8	Tips for Professors
9	Tips for Professors… In General Avoid drawing attention to the individual Turn off overhead when not in use Allow extra time to view overheads Attend to proper visual setup: Overheads Windows Interpreters Speakers
10	Tips for Professors… In General Repeat questions, comments from other students Avoid facing away from the class Helps to maintain interest Aids understanding Avoid talking while the class is retrieving materials Ensure optimum seating Avoid last-minute announcements
11	Tips for Professors... Working with the Student Communicate openly with the student, the interpreter, and the service provider Don’t avoid calling on the student Focus on what the student can do Test the student, not the interpreter Set up a positive language experience
12	Tips for Professors… Working with Interpreters Provide course outline and syllabus early Provide new vocabulary ahead of class Provide lecture notes Inform of in-class drills to be used Include pauses in lecture Write important changes on the board
13	Tips for Professors… Assistive Listening Devices Reduce background noise Provide increased volume Help reduce fatigue Make it easier to focus on content Can be used with cochlear implants Can be used with or without hearing aids
14	Tips for Professors… You May Need to: Wait for the student’s response Call on the student Remember to talk to the student through the interpreter Slow the pace of your presentation Negotiate the student’s use of voice
15	Tips for Professors… Teaching Strategies Explain in English, in or out of class Break down into small pieces Organize the information sequentially Use multiple examples Provide practice Supplement textbooks with additional drills Provide cultural comparisons
16	Tips for Professors… Use Color Noun-Article Agreement The teacher El profesor La profesora Los profesores Las profesoras Unos profesores Unas profesoras Without color: A new book Un libro nuevo Comparing English: A new book Un libro nuevo Gender: Una casa nueva Un libro nuevo
17	Tips for Professors… Word Associations Use alliteration Associate words with physical characteristics Use natural word associations Teach classes of words
18	Tips for Professors… Grammatical Groupings Ungrouped presentation: Libro Leer Librería Biblioteca Vender Fácil Grouped presentation: Nouns El libro La librería La biblioteca Verbs Leer Vender Adjective Fácil
19	Tips for Professors… Curriculum Adaptation Techniques
20	Tips for Professors… Writing Tasks
21	Tips for Professors… English Usage Issues 3D vs. Linear English as a 2^nd language No passive voice in ASL Homonyms Idioms
22	Tips for Professors… Reading
23	Tips for Professors… Alternatives to Audio
24	Tips for Professors… Accessibility Computer programs Videotapes Language lab materials Audio programs Transcripts Captioning Read or videotape audio materials
25	Tips for Students
26	Tips for Students… Getting Started Meet with Disability Services Coordinator Determine your goals: Speaking/speechreading Reading/writing Develop receptive strategies Develop expressive strategies Be patient Adjust your attitude about language learning Be prepared to study
27	Tips for Students... Working with Instructors Be flexible and willing to experiment Work closely with interpreter & professor Different semester-different instructor! Learn methods that work for you! Check out instructors in advance
28	Tips for Students… Being Prepared = Reduced Anxiety Discuss your feelings Eat well, rest, exercise Prepare a study space Know what to study Keep class in perspective Reward yourself Be prepared for class Attend every class Review old while studying new Don’t cram Don’t worry about being perfect Seek opportunities to practice everyday
29	Tips for Students… Vocabulary Flash cards Lists Fold & Compare Categorize Color Sentences Label Repeat Write Context Record Practice in Mirror
30	Tips for Students… Grammar Learn the rules Learn exceptions to the rules Notice how rules are applied in context Color code parts of speech Be patient-no language is grammar-free! Don’t erase errors
31	Tips for Interpreters
32	Tips for Interpreters… Setting the Ground Rules Should you accept the job? What are the student’s goals? How will the student respond? How will instructor present information? Bring the book Bring writing tools
33	Tips for Interpreters... Building Your Language Skills Preview class materials Do the homework Surf the web, Spanish channel Sit in on same class earlier in the day Take classes ahead of student Check in with the instructor
34	Tips for Interpreters… But what will you be doing? Unvoiced Sim-Com Foreign Language on the mouth Vocabulary Accents incorporated into fingerspelling Point out false cognates Explain challenging syntax differences
35	Tips for Interpreters… Conjugating Verbs
36	Tips for Interpreters… Other useful tips Foreign Sign Language Foreign Manual Alphabet Cued Speech Connections with others
37	Tips for Service Coordinators
38	Tips for Service Coordinators… Exploring Accommodation Options Interpreters American Sign Language Cued Speech Oral Interpreters Speech-to-Text Options Realtime Captioning Computer Assisted Notetaking Speech Recognition Assistive Listening Devices Tutors
39	Tips for Service Coordinators... Working with Interpreters Find an interpreter that likes languages Be creative with incentives for interpreters Train a substitute/team interpreter Use interpreters who have clear fingerspelling Keep interpreter ahead Provide materials for prep
40	Tips for Service Coordinators… Working with Professors Provide professor with support Inform professors about the requirements of ADA and how decisions were reached Explain the proper use of the interpreter Provide ideas for evaluation of student Be patient, but prepared, for arguments
41	Tips for Service Coordinators… Working with Students
42	Additional Resources Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) http://www.rid.org National Association of the Deaf (NAD) http://www.nad.org National Multicultural Interpreter Project nmip@laguna.epcc.edu or www.epcc.edu/Community/ NMIP/Welcome.html Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages 703.836.0774 TEDS-IS (Teaching English to Deaf Students-Interest Section) Regional Interpreter Education Centers http://www.wou.edu/education/sped/ iec/resourcepage.html Dept of Foreign Language and Literature-Gallaudet University http://www.gallaudet.edu/~forlweb/ labhomepage.html
43	"Developed by" Developed by: Cheryl D. Davis, Ph.D. Martha R. Smith, M.S. Cindy Moore, RID CI/CT 503-838-8642 (v/tty) 503-838-8228 (fax) davisc@wou.edu http://www.wou.edu/wrocc http://www.wou.edu/nwoc/fllinks.htm